Civil engineering is the oldest engineering discipline after military engineering [1], and it was defined to distinguish non-military engineering from military engineering [2] It is traditionally broken into several sub-disciplines including environmental engineering, geotechnical engineering, structural engineering, transportation engineering, municipal or urban engineering, water resources engineering, materials engineering, coastal engineering [3] surveying, and construction engineering [4]. Civil engineering takes place on all levels: in the public sector from local governments and statutory bodies through to states and federal levels, and in the private sector from individual homeowners through to international companies or corporations.
[1] What is Civil Engineering?". The Canadian Society for Civil Engineering. http://whatiscivilengineering.csce.ca/civil1.htm. [Retrieved 2007-08-08].
[2] Civil engineering". Encyclopædia Britannica. http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9105844/civil-engineering. [Retrieved 2007-08-09].
[3] What is Civil Engineering?". The Canadian Society for Civil Engineering. http://whatiscivilengineering.csce.ca/civil1.htm. [Retrieved 8.8.2007].
[4] Oakes, W.C.; Leone, L.L.& Gunn, C.J. 2001. Engineering Your Future. Great Lakes Press.
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